Is Canola Oil Healthy?
Is canola oil healthy? Some warn that canola oil is unnatural or even toxic. Should canola be banned from the cupboard?
I got an email from a listener a while back who wrote that she had been a big fan of the podcast until I mentioned canola oil as a healthy choice. Like olive oil, canola is high in monounsaturated fats–the healthiest kind of fats–but it’s a better choice than olive oil when you want a neutral flavor. (See also: When to Use Olive Oil).
In some circles, however, canola oil has gotten a very bad reputation. It’s said to be unnatural or even toxic. For this one listener, anyway, my recommendation of canola was enough to convince her that she couldn’t trust anything I said.
Should canola be banned from the cupboard?
Is Canola Oil Healthy or Horrible?
So, what’s all this about canola oil being toxic? It’s really a misunderstanding. Canola oil is made from a type of rapeseed, which is a plant in the cabbage family, and is also related to turnips and mustard. That last relation maybe the basis for the urban legend–which is, by the way, completely unfounded–that rapeseed oil was used to make poisonous mustard gas in World War I. It wasn’t.
In fact, rapeseed oil was used for centuries as a cooking oil in Asia. In modern times, it fell out of favor as a food oil, especially here in the West. First, it has a bitter taste that most people find unpalatable. And secondly, it’s naturally high in a fatty acid called erucic acid and some early animal studies raised concerns about the effects of consuming large amounts of this fatty acid.
From Rapeseed to Canola
Still, like many other plant oils, rapeseed oil is used industrially, as a lubricant, and, more recently, to make biodiesel fuel. And, in fact, research has now largely put to rest most of the health concerns about erucic acid–or at least put them into perspective. But long before that happened, some Canadian growers solved the problem a different way. They simply bred a type of rapeseed that was low in erucic acid.
In the process, they also reduced the bitter taste that made rapeseed oil unpalatable. The seed they bred produced a light, flavorless oil that was very high in the healthiest types of fats: the monounsaturated fats and omega-3 fatty acids.
The Canadian growers appeared to have a highly marketable product on their hands–in all ways but one. “Low-erucic rapeseed oil” just didn’t have that winning ring to it. So they coined–and trademarked–the term canola oil to identify this new cultivar, or breed, of rapeseed oil.
Is Canola Oil Genetically Modified?
Just how did these growers manage to produce rapeseed oil that was low in erucic acid? Well, I guess you could say that canola oil was genetically modified. But I’m not talking about inserting genes from a fruit fly into a rapeseed plant–we’ll get to that minute. The agricultural engineers that produced canola oil went about it the good, old-fashioned way that we‘ve been genetically modifying plants for hundreds of years. They selectively bred the plants to enhance certain desirable characteristics and suppress others.
Now, I’ve heard people say that they won’t eat canola oil because it didn’t exist 50 years ago. That’s true. Neither did Fuji apples or seedless watermelons. They were both produced using the same methods that produced canola oil. If you feel comfortable eating these foods, then canola oil shouldn’t present any special issues.
Genetically Engineered Canola Oil
However, long after canola oil was developed with selective breeding, a much different kind of genetic modification arrived on the scene. Bioengineering allows scientists to take individual genes from plants, viruses, bacteria, or other organisms, and splice them into another organism’s genetic code–and this is what most people are worried about when they talk about genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, entering the food supply.
Perhaps the most notorious example of genetically engineered foods are strains of corn, soy, and–yes–canola that have been modified to withstand certain herbicides and other agricultural chemicals. The agribusiness giant Monsanto, for example, has produced seeds that have been genetically modified to allow them to survive applications of Monsanto’s weed-killer, Round-up.
These Round-Up Ready seeds allow farmers to gas the heck out of their fields without killing the crops. The Round-Up kills everything else, of course, but not the crops. Farmers are now freed from their reliance on age-old practices such as crop-rotation, intercropping, and good-old-fashioned weeding, and yields have exploded.
It’s working out great for Monsanto, too. First, it allows them to do something rather extraordinary–it allows them to get a patent on a seed. Second, farmers who buy Round-up Ready seeds also have to buy Roundup because the seeds have only been engineered to withstand Monsanto’s chemicals. Another brand might kill them.
The GMO Controversy
Like it or not, genetically engineered foods have become extremely common, which is a source of great controversy and concern. Some people worry that tampering with nature will produce unforeseen consequences. They may be right.
No one knows exactly what form those consequences might take. But it certainly wouldn’t be the first time that we humans interfered with natural processes and screwed them up big time. In the meantime, there are some very real consequences already unfolding, such as the gangster-like tactics Monsanto and other agri-giants are using to force farmers to buy their seeds every year or be sued for patent infringement.
I’m not kidding. I know it sounds like the plot of a John Grisham novel. If you’re interested in learning more about Monsanto’s tactics, there’s a new documentary called Food, Inc. that you can check out in theaters. I’ll also include links in the show notes to more information–and in the interest of fairness, I’ll include both sides of the story. You can draw your own conclusion. Unfortunately, unlike a Grisham novel, I’m not at all confident that the Matt Damon character is going to prevail in this particular plot.
So, I can certainly understand if you want to avoid plants that have been produced using genetic engineering. You can still find canola (and soy and corn) products that specify that they are GMO free–and buying these products is one small way to help ensure that genetically engineered crops aren’t the only plants we have left fifty years from now.
However, if you’re worried about using canola oil on the basis of urban legends about mustard gas, relax. Canola oil–especially non-GMO canola oil–is a great, healthy choice.
Identifying GMO-free foods can be a little tricky because the terminology hasn’t been well codified or regulated. I’ll include some links to more information on how GMO legislation and labeling requirements are evolving. You’ll find those links below.
Lastly, if you want a tip on how to store your oil properly to prevent spoiling, I’ve got one right here.
Administrative
For a Quick Tip addressing a reader question about grapeseed oil, click here.
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Have a great day and eat something good for me!
RESOURCES:
Snopes.com on canola oil legends
Erucic acid in food::A Toxicological Review and Risk Assessment
Organic Consumer’s Association (anti-Monsanto)
Food, Inc. (the movie)
Oil image courtesy of Shutterstock